The Bishops of the Latin Metropolitanate of Lviv in Military Conflicts on the Eve of the Florentine Union

Roman Ivashko
Postgraduate Student, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Ukraine, Lviv),
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-464X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/ul2019.05.015

Download PDF

 

Abstract

The article deals generally with one aspect of the history of the Middle Ages of Central and Eastern Europe and the history of the lands of Rus' in particular. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the participation of the Latin bishopric in the political life of the Crown of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Polish researchers Krzysztof Prokop and Tomasz Graff.

In principle, the population of the respective territory, where the Metropolitanate of Lviv was located, was forced to resist the Tatar raids, to participate in the Polish–Teutonic, Hussite and Švidrigaila’s wars, and to accept the challenge of the threat of the Ottoman conquest. In these conflicts, the Latin bishop of the lands of Rus' was generally on the side of the King of Poland Władysław II Jagiełło.

It was find out which prelates were involved in military conflicts and forms of participation in its. First of all, it was the Metropolitan of Lviv Jan Rzeszowski. His evangelistic, inquisitorial, fiscal and diplomatic services were directed against the Teutonic Order, Hussites and "schismatics." The Metropolitan Jan Rzeszowski officially announced the transfer of the Metropolitan Cathedra from Halych to Lviv, which walls were supposed to protect against Tatar raids.

Diplomatic service was also provided by Bishops of Chołm Jan Biskupiec, Kamianets Zbigniew of Lapanów, Kyiv Michał Trestka, Lutsk Andrzej from Plońsk, and Bai Jan Ryza. Hussites were opposed by Bishop of Przemyshl Maciej Janina, and the "mysterious" Bishop of Chołm, Andrzej de Laschis. The Bishop of Lutsk Andrzej of Plońsk was episodically in the center of military and political vicissitudes. Obviously, the Bishop of Kamianets Pavel of Bojańczyc acted most radically who taking a direct part in organizing the arrest of the Lithuanian governor in Podillia.

Military confrontations testified that the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Metropolitan of Lviv and its subordinate bishops in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was rather formal. In reality, their jurisdiction extended to Kamianets and Lutsk. In many cases, there was a confrontation in the territory in which the division and religious affiliation of Catholics on the one hand and "schismatics", pagans or heretics on the other was also sustained.

 

Keywords

The Latin Metropolitanate of Lviv, Teutonic Order, the Hussite Wars, the Lithuanian Civil War (the Wars of Švitrigaila), Tatar raids, the Ottoman Threat.

 

Archives

Центральний державний історичний архів України, м Львів [The State Historical Archive in Lviv].
Archiwum Główny Akt Dawnych w Warszawie [The Central Archive of Ancient Documents in Warsaw].
Biblioteka Jagiellońska [Jagiellonian Library].
Biblioteka Książąt Czartoryskich [The Princes Czartoryski Library].
Institut für Stadtgeschichte, Frankfurt am Main [Institute of Urban History, Frankfurt am Main].
Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie [National Museum in Krakow].

 

References

  1. Abraham, W. (1920). Najdawniejsze statuty synodalne Archidiecezji Gnieźnieńskiej oraz statuty z rękopisu Oss. Nr. 1627. z uwzględnieniem materiałów zebranych przez ś. p. B. Ulanowskiego [The oldest synodal statutes of the Gniezno Archdiocese and statutes from the manuscript Oss. No. 1627. including materials collected by B. Ulanowski]. Kraków: Nakładem Polskiej Akademji Umiejętnoś [in Latin, Polish].
  2. Allmand, E. (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History. (7). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [in English].
  3. Barbashev, A. (2012). Vitovt. Posliedniie dvadtsat liet kniazheniia. 1410–1430 hh. [Vitovt. The last twenty years of the reign. 1410–1430]. Reprinted. Bila Tserkva: vydavets Oleksandr Pshonkivskyi. [in Ukrainian and Russian].
  4. Baron, A., Pietras, H., ed. (2003). Dokumenty soborów powszechnych. Tekst łaciński, grecki, arabski, ormiański, polski [Documents of General Councils. Text in Latin, Greek, Arabic, Armenian, Polish]. (3). Kraków: Wydawnictwo WAM. [in Latin, Greek, Arabian, Armenian, Polish].
  5. Bettenson, H., ed. (1967). Documents of the Christian Church. London–New-York–Toronto: Oxford University Press. [in English].
  6. Dogiel, M., ed. (1764). Codex diplomaticus Regni Poloniae et Magni Ducatus Lituaniae [Diplomatic codex of the Crown of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]. (4). Vilnae: Ex Typograhia Regia & Reipubl. CC. RR. Scholarum Piarum, 1764. [in English].
  7. Graff, T. (2008). Działalność polityczna Zbigniewa Oleśnickiego i polskiej hierarchii kościejnej w dobie tzw. burzy koronacyjnej [Political activity of Zbigniew Oleśnicki and the Polish Church hierarchy in the era of so-called "Coronation Storm"]. Folia Historica Cracoviensia, 14, 75–85. [in Polish].
  8. Graff, T. (2008). Biskupi monarchii jagiellońskiej wobec herezji husyckiej w I połowie XV wieku [Bishops of the Jagiellonian monarchy against the Hussite heresy in the first half of the 15th century]. Nasza Przeszłość, (109), 37–54. [in Polish].
  9. Graff, T. (2010). Kościół w Polsce wobec konfliktu z zakonem Krzyżackim w XV wieku. Studium z dziejów kultury politycznej polskiego episkopatu [Church in Poland in the face of the conflict with the Teutonic Order in the 15th A study of the history of the political culture of the Polish episcopate]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. [in Polish].
  10. Ivashko, R. (2019). Yepyskopat Lvivskoi mytropolii i viiskovi konflikty pershoi tretyny XV st. [Bishops of the Metropolitanate of Lviv and the military conflicts of the first third of the 15th century]. VI Mizhnarodna naukova konferentsiia «Ukraina i Velyke kniazivstvo Lytovske v XIV–XVIII st.: politychni, ekonomichni, mizhnatsionalni ta sotsiokulturni vidnosyny zahalnoievropeiskomu vymiri». Kamianets-Podilskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Ohiienka, 18–21 veresnia 2019 r. Prohrama ta tezy dopovidei, 2019, 46–48. [in Ukrainian].
  11. Jefferson, J. (2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438–1444. Leiden: Brill. [in English]. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004229259
  12. Daniłuwicz, I., ed. (1862). Skarbiec diplomatów papieskich, cesarskich, królewskich, książęcych, uchwał narodowych, postanowień różnych władz i urzędów posługujących do krytycznego wyjaśnienia dziejów Litwy, Rusi Litewskiej i ościennych im krajów [Treasury of papal, imperial, royal, princely documents, national resolutions, resolutions of various authorities and offices serving to critically explain the history of Lithuania, Lithuanian Rus' and neighboring countries]. (2). Wilno: W drukarni A. H. Kirkora. [in Latin, Polish].
  13. Kozytskyi, A. (2014). Narysy viiskovoi istorii Lvova XIII–XVIII st. Leopolis Militans [Essays on Military History of Lviv of 13th–18th centuries]. Lviv: Apriori. [in Ukrainian].
  14. Krekoten’, V., Shevchuk, V., Ivanchenko R. (2006). Zbirnyk kozatskykh litopysiv. Hustynskyi. Samiila Velychka. Hrabianky [The Collection of Cossack Chronicles. Gustinsky. Samiilo Wielyczko. Hrabianka]. Kyiv: Dnipro. [in Ukrainian].
  15. Kupchynskyi, O., Ruzhytskyi, E., ed. (1972). Kataloh perhamentnykh dokumentiv Tsentralnoho Derzhavnoho istorychnoho arkhivu URSR u Lvovi. 1233–1799 [Catalog of parchment documents of the Central State Historical Archives of the USSR in Lviv. 1233–1799]. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. [in Ukrainian, Latin, Old Slavic].
  16. Lewicki, A., ed. (1891). Codex epistolaris saeculi decimi quinti [The Codex of documents of the 15th century]. (2). Kraków: Akademia umiejętności. [in Latin].
  17. Monchak, I. (1987). Flontine Ecumenism in the Kyivan Church. Rome: Editiones Universitatis Catholicae Ucrainorum S. Clementis Papae. [in English].
  18. Nicholson, H. (2004). The Crusades. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. [in English].
  19. Poliekhov, S. (2015). Nasliedniki Vitovta. Dinastichieskaia voina v Velikom kniazhiestvie Litovskom v 30-ye hody XV vieka. Moskva: "Indryk". [in Russian].
  20. Prokop, K. (2010). Arcybiskupi haliccy i lwowscy obrządku łacińskiego. Szkice biograficzne [Latin Archbishops of Halych and Lviv. Biographical sketches]. Biały Dunajec–Ostróg: Wołanie z Wołynia. [in Polish].
  21. Prokop, K. (2007). Biskupi kamienieccy od średniowiecza do współczesności: szkice biograficzne. Biały Dunajec–Ostróg: Wołanie z Wołynia, 2007. [in Polish].
  22. Prokop, K. (2001). Sylwetki biskupów łuckich. Biały Dunajec–Ostróg: Wołanie z Wołynia. [in Polish].
  23. Rosseti, R. (1905). Despre unguri şi episcopiile Catolice din Moldova [About the Hungarian and Catholic bishops of Moldova]. Analele Academiei Române, 2/27, 247–322. [in Latin, Romanian].
  24. Rusyna, O. (2003). Problemy politychnoi loialnosti naselennia Velykoho kniazivstva Lytovskoho u XIV–XVI st. [Problems of political loyalty of the population of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the XIV–XVI centuries]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal, (6), 3–16. [in Ukrainian].
  25. Theiner, A. ed. (1860). Vetera monumenta Poloniae et Lithuaniae gentiumque finitimarum historiam illustrantia. (1). Romae: Typis Vaticanis. [in Latin].
  26. Theiner, A. ed. (1861). Vetera monumenta Poloniae et Lithuaniae gentiumque finitimarum historiam illustrantia. (2). Romae: Typis Vaticanis. [in Latin].
  27. Voitovych, L. (2009). Formuvannia krymskotatarskoho narodu. Vstup do etnohenezu [Formation of the Crimean Tatar people. Introduction to ethnogenesis.]. Bila Tserkva: vydavets Oleksandr Pshonkivskyi, 2009. [in Ukrainian].
  28. Whelan, M. (2014). Sigismund of Luxemburg and the Imperial Response to the Ottoman Turkish Threat, c. 1410–1437. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. London: University of London. [in English].
  29. Yakovenko, N. (2005). Narys istorii serednovichnoi ta rannomodernoi Ukrainy [An Outline of History of the Medieval and Early Modern Ukraine]. 2-he vyd. Kyiv: Krytyka. [in Ukrainian].
  30. Zema, V. (2018). Kontsyliaryzm i vytoky uniinykh protsesiv u Kyivskii mytropolii [Conciliarism and the origins of unified processes in the Metropolitanate of Kiev]. Ukraina v Tsentralno-Skhidnii Yevropi, (18), 61–113. [in Ukrainian].
  31. Zimorovych, B. (2002). Potriinyi Lviv. Leopolis Triplex [Triple Lviv]. Lviv: Vydavnytstvo "Tsentr Yevropy". [in Ukrainian].